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Primer of Freedom. 




BY IRON GRAY 



Proclaim libei-t.v throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof. 



NEW YORK: 

^J PFBLTSHED BY T. W. STRONG, NO. 98 NASSAU STREET 




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Primer of Freedom. 




BY IRON G RAY, 



Proclaim liberty tliroughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof. 



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jS^EW YOEK: 
PUBLISHED BY T. W. STRONG. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, 

Bt ABEL C. THOMAS, 

In the Cierk's cflSce of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District 

of Pennsylvania. 



-A 



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A Stands for Adam. Creation began 
By giving dominion of Katnre to man. 
Men differ in color, and stature, and weight, 
Nor equal are all in their talent or state, 
But equal in rights are the great and the small 
In sight of the God and Creator of all. 
Then how comes dominion of brother by brother? 
Or how can the one be the lord of the other? 
Consider it well— for an answer I crave. 
That reaches the question of Master and Slave. 

- We hold these truths to be self-evident : That all men are 
created equal ; that they are endowed by their Ore.t^^^ ce- 
teinunahenable rights; that among these are 1^^^' ^^^^^^'i^ 
T -f ^f hnr^r^\ness "— i)ecZ. of Ind. It is nothing to affirm 

the pursuit of happiness. j^^^"- j i +^ 4.v,o wliif/^ 

that the Negro, or Indian, or Arab, is not equal to the white 
^anAna^^^^^ n talent and the hke. No two ./../. men are 
Tqual inTu Jespects-but if you deny an equality of r.gUs, spe- 
cify the grounds of such demal 




5 5 



B Stands for Bloodhound, On merciless fangs 
The Slaveholder feels that his "property" hangs 
And the dog and the master are hot on the track, 
To tortm-e or bring the black fugitive back. 
The weak has but fled from the hand of the strong 
Asserting the right and resisting the wrong, 
While he who exults in a skin that is white, 
A Bloodhound employs in asserting his might. 
— O chivalry-layman and dogmatist-priest, 
Say, which is the monster— the man, or the beast? 



How long is it since Southern papers advertised the ofifers of 
rival hunters of fugitive Negroes, who claimed that they had the 
best bloodhounds, &c. ? Truly an honorable and manly voca- 
tion, liunaway Slaves were advertised as having been torn by 
th(^ dogs, thus and so, on fornu^r occasions of flight, and largo 
rewards were offered for the capture of such ingrates, dead or 
alive ! Shall not specimens of tliese advertisements be some day 
included in the literary curiosities of civilization ? 




JJ 



C Stands for Cotton. Its beautiful bolls, 
And bales of ricli value, tbe Master controls. 
Of "mud-sills" lie prates, and would liauglitily bring 
The world to acknowledge that "Cotton is King/ 
But ''Democrat Coal" and ''Republican Corn," 
The looks of the monarch have latterly shorn ; 
And Slaveocrats, living by clamorous fraud. 
By Freemen shall yet into learning be awed, 
That the sceptre is not in position nor gift. 
But only in honest, industrial thrift. 



''What is the difficulty, and what the remedy? Not in the 
election of Repubhcan Presidents. No. Not in the non-execu- 
tion of the Fugitive bill. No. But it hes back of all these. It 
is found in the Atheistic Red Repubhcan doctrine of the Declara- 
tion of Independence. Until that is trampled under feet, there 
can be no peace. " — Br. Smyth, a Rebel leader in South Carohna. 
"Mud-sills" and "poor white trash" seem not to his liking ; but 
what if they should trample him under feet ? 




D Stands for Driver, His duty, I hear, 
Is mostly described as the Slave-Overseer. 
O tell me, I pray yon, if any one can, 
If planters acknowledge the brnte as a man ! 
With whip and with pistols, the vagabond wields 
Tlie law of the Master in hovels and fields, 
But scarcely removed, in a social degree. 
Above the rude gang that he governs is he, 
And, like the Slave Trader, his service is prized 
As treason is loved, and the traitor despised ! 



Some persons sneer at any distinction between hirelings of a 
month or year and hirelings for life — the latter being their 
definition of Southern Slavery ! A taste of the wormwood and 
the gall might bring them to exclaim with Sterne: ''Disguise 
thyself as thou wilt, still Slavery, still thou art a bitter draught ; 
and though thousands in all ages have been made to drink of 
thee, thou art no less bitter on that account." Suppose the 
chalice were commended to the lips of Slaveholders ? 




E Stands for Bagle. In Liberty springs 
The strength of his beak and the pride of his wings. 
Though vultures still cloud the political sky, 
And "carrion, more carrion!" incessantly cry. 
Shall Slave-craft prevail, and the moralist nod 
O'er evils reserved in the judgment of God ? 
—The Eagle has come to the rescue of right. 
And all institutions of fraudulent might. 
Shall perish and cease from the bountiful clime, 
Long cursed by the stench of a carrion-crime ! 



The Constitution grants neither right nor authority to inter- 
fere with the domestic institutions of any State ; but Congress, 
representing the people and the States, has absolute control in 
the Territories. "More Slavery !" has been the continual cry 
of the South. RebeUion provoked the war-power of the Pres- 
ident ; and it is now probable that the institution which claimed 
a continent, will be numbered with the abominations that were I 
Let all the people say Amen. 



L^ 










F Stands for Fugitives hasting from %vi'ath, 
And furies are hot on their dangerous path. 
Away from the cabins of slavery pomp, 
A refuge they seek in the liideous swamp; 
Or, haply eluding the hunters of blood, 
They struggle through thicket and perilous flood, 
Till, reaching the lines of the Union Host, 
The echo has -died of the scandalous boast, 
"Hurra for the banner that Liberty waves, 
" With stars for the Masters and stripes for the Slaves!" 

A liistoiy of tliis Liberty War would be veiy incomi)lete with- 
out sample-sketclies of the patient, shrewd efforts of individuals 
and families of Slaves in getting away from the house of 
bondage into the lines of tlic Union Army. Almost starved, 
hunted by dogs and men, shot at, some of the party killed, — 
none but the good Lord knoweth the miseries endured by 
thousands in escaping from the comfortable, patriarchal. Gospel 
institution of the South ! 



SLWES 

^TO BE 

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G Stands for Gospel, How beautiful are 
The feet of the bearer of news from afar, 
Wlien coming to touch a humanity-chord 
And preach the acceptable year of the Lord ! 
Set free the scourged bondman, now branded and sore, 
And write him a freeman, a man evermore, 
Around whom a family closely may draw. 
— Or if the Good Gospel be Slavery Law, 
The clergy, for aught that to reason appears, 
Mi<dit honestly prosper as Slave Auctioneers! 



Why not ? Disrespect is intended for such clergymen only as 
put Southern Slavery on Bible grounds. They might sell 
books, shoes, horses, by pubhc outcry, and feel no shame of 
If the Gospel endorses colored people as property, lohy 



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should the clergy scruple to be Slave-Auctioneers? Bishop 
Hopkins, of Vermont, might do a tlmving business in that hne, 
down South. Doubtless he is popular in that region, and 
would be largely patronized ! 




H Stands for Harvest, We reap as we sow: 
If thistles you plant, do you know what will grow? 
Enlarge your plantations, and multiply slaves, 
Till luxury gets what it wrongfully craves, — 
Yet woe be to him w^ho the inquiry scorns. 
Do grapes grow on brambles or figs upon thorns ^ 
Consider it well, ere the summer be past. 
And the harvest be ended, with gloom at the last* 
And ever this adage in memory keep, 
"Who sows to the wind, of the whirlwind shall reap. 



The evils of Slavery to the white race, in a material sense, are 
clearly shown by statistics ; but no one can reckon the low estate 
of education, rehgiou, and morals, especially in tlie country- 
districts of the South. The larger the plantations are, the T\d(ler 
is the space between the white families ; and an increase of the 
number of slaves, is no increase of exalting social intercourse. 
Tlic mansion cannot escape the malaria of the hovels, nor can 
an^ one escape the just judgment of the Almighty. 




I Stands for Infidel. Many contemn 
What you and I hold, as a riddle to tJiem ; 
And sceptics are made (it is mournfully tnie) 
By priests in the pulpit and saints in the pew, 
Who torture the Gospel to get at the proof 
That one man is made for -another's behoof! 
The Bible comes not with its quickening light. 
Till conscience and reason interpret aright, 
And vainly you moan o'er the infidel fruit 
While nourishing faith in the Slavery-root. 



The creed should be better than the man ; but what if the 
man be better than the creed? Business relations with the 
South, or Mends residing there, or poHtical clanship may «o 
bhnd men to the hideous conjunction of the Gospel and South- 
em Slavery, that they may profess to beheje in both ; but reli- 
gionists grieve the Holy Spirit and chiefly make Infidels, by 
Sstening any inhuman institution or abominable theory on tii. 
Word of God. 




J Stands for Justice* Whoe'er a man is, 
Pjoclaim and defend wliat is rightfully his. 
Content yourself not with his lawful demands, 
Xor harden the links of his slavery-bands; 
For all institutions are born of the dust 
Which conscience declares to be wrong and unjust. 
— Will God in his majesty look to the hue 
In making award of the recompense due? 
Or will he in judgment be lieedless or slack, 
P^or justice withheld from the ignorant black? 



" Your gold and silver is cankered, and the rust of them shall 
be a -witness against you, and sliall eat your flesh as it were fire. 
.... Belicdd, the hire of tlie laborers who have reaped down 
your fields, wliieii is of you kept l)iick by fraud, crietli ; and the 
cries of them wMcia have reaped, aj?e entered into the ears of 
the Lord of SaVjaoth. Ye have lived in pleasui'e on the earth, 
and been wanton : ye have nourished your hearts as in a day of 
-slaughter." — JavsJii v.. 1 — 3. 





Stands for Kidnapper. Whoso receives 

-What otliers have stolen, is leagu'd with the thieves. 

But setting aside what this proverb reveals, 
The Slaveholder breeds what the Kidnapper steals! 
Distinction there is, and a difference too- 
Bnt lohich, if you chose, would he chosen by you ? 
To buy, or to sell, involves profit or waste- 
To breed, or to steal, is a question of taste; 
And whoso does either,, a business may clahu 
That perfects in meanness the sin and the shame ! 



What odds to the buyer whether the chattel has been ku uap- 
„ed or bought by the Trader ? In one sense, there is somertung 
LanTy (beclise risk of hfe is incurred), in taking prisoners in 
„d making slaves of them ; but kidnapping is nnmit.gate 
Xiny How then can we sufficiently express abhorrence of 
^Zn who make a business of breeding slaves ^r the mar- 
let r Doubtless, they are aU. «« honorable men, and worthily 
accounted the chivalry of the land ! 




L Stands for Liherty. Know you the bell 
Tliat '76 sounded so nobly and well? 
Or Jmow you that soon was developed a flaw, 
By Freedom's assertion of Slavery Law? 
"Created all equal." — "Excepting the black," 
From States of the Union the answer came back. 
Then cracked the big bell. Yainly chipped to the core, 
Ko "compromise measures" its tone could restore. 
And the prophecy stands, though the bell, in its fall, 
JS'ow silently hangs in Old Liberty Hall! 



The bell refen*ed to, cast in 1753, has on it the inscription, 
"rroclaim libei*ty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants 
thereof." — Lev. xxv. 10. Was this a prophecy? That bell an- 
nounced the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was af- 
terwacds cracked — I know not the date. Occasional use on na- 
tional anniversaries increased the difficulty. Chipping, so as to 
separctto the Adl)rating edges, failed to remedy the mischief. It 
now h&ngs in Independence HaU. 




M 



Stands for Master. When one would impart 
To others his knowledge of mystery-art, 



A Master is he and Apprentices they, 
And what he commands it is theirs to obey. 
But if from the cradle till laid in the grave, 
You claim the relation of Master and Slave, 
And stretch your dominion, by heirship or gold, 
O'er men who as cattle are driven and sold, 
Consider, I pray you, the end of the strife. 
When called to account by the Master of Life. 



Is the distinction without a difference ? An Apprentice is 
indentured by his own consent. The term of service is limited 
and specified. There is a covenant that he shall be sent to 
school. He has legal redress in case of maltreatment or neglect. 
He cannot be branded with a hot iron. If he absconds, he can- 
not be hunted with dogs, nor advertised for, dead or ahve. He 
cannot be sold. At twenty-one he is a freeman. Are these the 
marks of the condition of a Slave ? 




"VT Stands for N'egro. To he all lie can^ 

-L 1 AYitliout doing wi'ong, is the birtli-riglit of man, 

And noblest Immanity evermore lies 

In prompting and helping the lowly to rise. 

Are Slaves dull and is^norant? Multitudes are: 

Shall therefore the Master improvement debar ? 

\ et if to instruct them you open your mouth, 

Beware of the penalty, down in the South ! 

— Can that he of God which for Slavery greed 

Forbids you to teach a poor IS^egro to read ? 



Wliether the African raco, now in bondage in tlie South, be 
or be not in il better condition than their kindred in Africa, 
need not here be discussed. Morality and religion inquire, sim- 
ply, whether Southern Lnvs encourage an advancement ? Do 
they not ratlier himln-, by severe penalties, any efforts to edu- 
cate the slave population ? Public Schools are the pride and 
glory of the North : "Wliat is the boast and shame of the 
South? 




Stands for Ox^ that necessity broke 
To work with an Ass in the Union Yoke. 
To walk in the ftirrow and take the short end, 
Seemed ever the fate of the Ox to attend, 
Wliile the Ass, having learned a political trick, 
Knew wickedly well how to bray and to kick. 
But patience wears out, though it ever adorns,— 
The ears are now feeling the push of the horns, 
And wonders of justice are coming to pass : — 
The Korth is the Ox and the South is the Ass. 



From 1789 to the outbreak of the Rebellion, Slaveholders oc- 
cupied the Presidential chair for 48 years, and Northern sympa- 
thizers with Slavery for 12 years more— leaving only 12 years for 
Freedom-proclivities in the President. Although greatly out- 
numbered by the North, the South almost uniformly niled in 
Congress. Not getting aU it demanded, the Tarifif was made a 
pretext for secession. ' ' The next pretext, " said Jackson, ' ' wdll 
be the Negro or Slavery question." 




P Stands for I^rinciple, Policy fain 
"Would measure all deeds by the loss or the gain, 
While Principle never finds aught to consult 
But conscience and duty, whatever the result. 
In Slaveholding policy, all that you win 
May fitly be reckoned the wages of sin, 
And what has been earned by the master or thrall, 
Is never withheld by the Puler of All. 
Perhaps you will learn, when the payment is, due, 
That a deed which is wrong is impolitic too. 



In 1786 Washington expressed his determination never to 
"possess another slave by purchase." Avowed in 1794 that he 
held slaves "very reluctantly to his own feeUngs." By will 
emancipated all he hold, making provision for the support of the 
aged and infirm, and for the education of the young — and most 
solemnly enjoined his executors to see that his instructions were 
rehgiously fulfilled. According to the Slavery propagandists of 
this age of grace, aU this was fundamentally wrong ! 




Q Stands for Query, Inquisitive tlioiiglit 
May lead to conclusions not anxiously sought. 
Suppose of Quadroon we a moment should think, 
With one side of ancestry sable as ink, 
The other side claiming complexion as fair 
As fatherly planters most commonly wear: 
The child of her Master, a Slave-daughter still. 
Must bow to the law of his sensual will ; 
And when he shall sell her, (perhaps very soon) 
The Query may follow the chattel Quadroon. 



The cry of "amalgamation" as the result of the abolition of 
Slavery, comes with a very ill grace from Southerners. How 
many nearly-white children have been sent to the North for an 
education, or to hide their negro-blood ? How many such have 
been manumitted, to guard against their continuance in bondage 
by any mishap ? How many Quadroons have been sold volun- 
tarily or brought to the block by the pecuniary emban-assments 
of their father-masters ? 




R Stands for Mebel, The Colonies rose 
Against the stern sway of tyrannical foes, 
But Washington, Jefferson, all were ignored, 
Wlien Southerners lifted the sceptre and sword. 
And Slavery lust to Rebellion gave birth 
Against the best government known in the earth. 
Did Eebeldom look to the shame and the cost 
Of seeking by war the control they had lost ? 
Or know they how ages Avill reckon the guilt 
Of a Temple of Freedom on Slavery l)uilt ? 



" The foundations of our new government are laid, its corner- 
stone rests upon the great truth that the negro is not equiil to 
the white man. . . . This, our new government, is the first in 
the history of the world, based upon this great physical, philoso- 
l)hical and moral truth. . . . This stone which Avas rejected by 
the first builders, is become the chief stone of the comer in our 
new edifice. . . . Our Confederacy is a God-sent missionary to 
the nations." — Alexander dl. Stej/hens. 




Stands for Slctvery. Nations of old 
Made bondmen by warfare, or bought them with gold ; 
And if to the Jews you incline to go back, 
]^o special enslavement you find of the black. 
But " might is not right," as in piracy scenes, 
Else why do you censure the stern Algerines? 
Or what if in Congo a thousand white men 
Were Slaves, wholly hopeless of freedom again,- 
Would bishops and priests of the Slavery line. 
Quote Bible to prove it both right and divine? 



'' Slavery and the Slave Trade pervaded every nation of civil- 
ized antiquity.. ..The founder of the Jewish nation was a Slave- 
holder. ... Greeks enslaved each other.. ..The Slave-markets of 
Eome were filled with men of evei-y complexion and every 
cHme....It is from about the year 990 that regular accounts of 
the Negro Slave-trade eidsV'-Bancro/rs Uniied States i 159. 
Any Bible argument for Slavery must therefore except the black, 
if any color is to be excepted ! 




T Stands for Trader, To call liim a brute 
Would slander creation, beyond a dispute. 
The Planter will mingle and socially dine 
With dealers in cotton, and cattle, and swine, 
But Slave-dri\dng Traders (with common accord) 
By Slave-holding gentry are shunned and abhorred! 
Does conscience, with scruples of right, intervene 
Concerning a business repugnantly mean? 
Yet whoso shall doubt, may the difference tell: 
What we rightfully buy, we may honestly sell. 



The world moves, slowly it may be, but siu'ely. Russia 
aholislied Serfdom by an imperial decree, and our Eepublic is 
cutting a tangled knot by the edge of the sword. The loathing 
•with which the Slave Trader has long been regarded, even in the 
South, was the index-finger of the hand of God. It is now a 
voice sounding in the darkness as a prophecy of coming day. 
Will not angels join the chorus of welcome ? May the good 
Lord hasten the hour of deliverance. 




U Stands for Union. The Federal law 
Into true common weal would the Colonies draw, 
And States, that might else into anarchy run. 
Were banded and leagued, indivisibly one — 
And a Nation was bora, with the rallying call, 
"The Stars-and-Stripes Banner that waves over all!" 
Secession may rage, and the kingdoms afar 
May shout the brief wrath of a fiery star, 
But E Pluribus Unum shall evermore be 
The motto and law of the land of the free ! 



"I must declare here, as I have often done before, and which 
has been repeated by the greatest and wisest of statesmen and 
patriots in this and other lands, that it [the United States] is 
the best and freest government, the most equal in its rights, the 
most just in its decisions, the most lenient in its measures, and 
the most aspiring in its principles to elevate the race of man, 
that the sun ever shone ujion.''— Alexander H. Siepheris, in 
Georgia Convention, Jan. 1, 1661. 




V Stands for VlctOf't/, Yillainy long, 
*' The sum of all villainies," prospered in wrong ; 
But when it uplifted the bloody red hand. 
The verdict was sealed of its doom in the land. 
Poor whites in the South by aristocrats bowed, 
And millions of bondmen are crying aloud; 
And Freedom's renown, and Humanity's need. 
Alike for a Liberty- Yictoey plead ; 
And triumph and peace shall thro' righteousness come, 
When Slavery dies and its pleaders are dumb. 



Even when Fort Sumter was environed by threatening Rebel 
batteries, there was a spirit of compromise in all the land ; but 
the first gun aimed at the Flag of Liberty was ' * the beginning 
of the end " of Slavei-y. The Star Spangled Banner of our fa- 
thers, that had long floated in honor and triumph, was trodden 
down and trailed in the dust by miscreant-traitors ; and it imtst 
yet be vindicated and exalted in righteousness, though it be 
through blood and fire. 




WT Stands for Wommu In Slavery-life, 

VV Full many are mothers, but no one is wife, 
Tor decency's sake, form of wedding there is. 
But the parties are claimed by the master as his; 
And the children are sold, and the father is sold 
To this or that trader, " to have and to hold ;" 
And the woman is whipped, for the motherly moan 
And the cry of a heart that is left all alone. 
O master all monstrous! is conscience amiss 
In dooming the sham of a wedding like this! 



Certain Southern kdies claimed, not long since, that they 
care as tenderly for slave mothers as Northern ladies care for 
poor white mothers. "Possibly that is tme," was the reply, 
"but Northern ladies do not afterwards sell the baby !"— Besides 
this, it is the money-interest of Southerners to look well to the 
increase of their property, whereas a tme humanity, as a princi- 
ple, underlies and quickens the charitable attention of Northern 
ladies, above referred to. 




X Stands for Cross. By tlie lusts of the flesh 
Men open the wounds of the Saviour afresh, 
And live for the gain that is nothing but loss, 
If leading away from the blood of the Cross. 
Yet many there are who deliverance mock, 
And corner-stone make of a Slave Trader's block. 
Ignoring the grace of the One who was priced. 
By daily oppression they crucify Christ, 
And turn a deaf ear to the spirit that cried. 
Shall the weak brother perish for whom the Lord died ? 



Setting aside all controversy as to the meaning or eiOScacy of 
the sacrifice of Christ, it is clear that he died for all, tasted 
death for every man, gave himself a ransom for aU, without 
distinction of color, character, station or creed. Whatever 
allowance the Lord may make for sins of ignorance, can the 
great God look with complacency on any people who by Slavery 
count the blood of the covenant an unholy thing, and do despite 
unto the spirit of grace ? — Hebrews x. 26 — 31. 




-c^ stands for Yankee. Trained up in the schools 

JL Of nigged New England, few ever are tools, 
And many have carried the virtues of home 
Abroad in the earth wheresoever they roam. 
But what shall we say of the renegade knaves 
Who down in the South become whippers of slaves ? 
Into ownership, too, peradventure they fall, 
By wedding plantations, and " niggers" and all. 
And then, for the depths of all infamy tit. 
They tind in Secession the bottomless pit. 



t;:'rri:tLtS'ort.e. .eco.e .uC ^Pulon. 
incarnate devils abroad ? 








Z Stands for Zenith. Tliongli hell from beneath 
Much struggle and suffering yet may bequeath, 
The fee of the earth we shall trustfully claim 
At Liberty's shrine, in Humanity's name. 
The spots of the leopard shall token no sin — 
Ko crime shall be charged to the Ethiop's skin — 
And, evermore radiant, the zenith shall glow. 
The light and the joy of creation below — 
For perished shall then be the Slavery rod, 
And man stand erect in the imao-e of God. 



" I'rcpare ye tlie way of the Lord, make straight in the desert 
a highway for our God. Eveiy valley shall be exalted, and ev- 
erj'- mountain and hill shall be made low, and the crooked shall 
be made straight, and the rough places plain ; and the gloiy of 
the Lord shall lu' r<'vealed, and all flt'sh shall see it together; 
for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it." — Isaiah xl. 3 — 5. 



S'h3 gito-fl-ilom Ci'tim?, © '§iix& am (&u] ! 



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